Reception section
The pre-analytical process in a laboratory setting encompasses all the steps that occur before a sample is actually analyzed. This phase is crucial because it significantly impacts the accuracy and reliability of laboratory test results. Here are the key components of the pre-analytical process
1. Test Ordering
- Clinical Decision: The process begins with a clinician deciding which tests need to be performed based on the patient’s symptoms and history.
- Ordering: Tests are ordered using a laboratory information system (LIS) or paper requisition.
2. Patient Preparation
- Pre-test Instructions: Patients may need to follow specific instructions, such as fasting or avoiding certain medications, to ensure the accuracy of test results.
3. Sample Collection
- Phlebotomy: Blood samples are typically collected by trained personnel. Proper technique is essential to avoid contamination and ensure the quality of the sample.
- Use of Appropriate Supplies: The correct type of collection tubes must be used, based on the tests being performed.
4. Sample Handling and Transport
- Immediate Processing: Samples should be processed as soon as possible to prevent degradation. For some tests, this might involve centrifuging blood samples.
- Storage Conditions: The samples must be kept under appropriate conditions (temperature, light exposure) to maintain their integrity during transport to the lab.
5. Sample Identification and Labeling
- Accurate Labeling: Samples must be accurately labeled with patient information, test details, and a unique identifier to prevent mix-ups.
- Documentation: All relevant information should be documented clearly in the laboratory system.
6. Sample Reception in the Lab
- Verification: Upon arrival at the lab, samples and accompanying paperwork are verified for accuracy and completeness.
- Preliminary Checks: Check for hemolysis, clotting, or any other abnormalities that could affect test results.
Importance of Pre-Analytical Process
Adherence to proper pre-analytical procedures is vital to minimizing errors and ensuring high-quality results. Mistakes made during this phase can lead to incorrect diagnoses, inappropriate treatments, and ultimately compromise patient safety.